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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: Chapter Two INDUSTRIALIZATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND WORKER DRINKING: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Harry Gene Levine THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON DRINKING PATTERNS AND PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF TOURISM James F. Mosher and Lenore D. Ralston INDUSTRIALIZATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND WORKER DRINKING: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Harry Gene Levine When first approached about writing a paper on the relationship of alcohol to economic development, and whether some general lessons might be drawn from the historical experiences of the U.S. and other developed countries, I suggested focusing on the subject of alcohol and work. Industrial and economic development usually involves the creation of a large class of wage laborers, and continuous struggles between employers and workers are among the most prominent features of developed and developing societies. During the various periods of British and American industrial development, the conflicts often included the question of alcoholic drink. Accordingly, in the first two parts of the paper I briefly discuss two distinct but closely related efforts which involved employer-sponsored attacks on worker drinking. The first was the attempt of early manufacturing and industrial employers to change their employees work habits and general style of life. This effort was not primarily aimed at changing drinking patterns, but included drink as part of a broader effort. The second employer-sponsored effort I discuss was the early temperance or anti-drink reform in the United States. Here the effort was aimed primarily at changing workers drinking patterns directly in order to secure a more orderly and disciplined work force. In the third section I discuss some general conclusions to be draw...