Despite the global condemnation following recent examples of genocide and ethnic cleansing, it was only in the late 1990s that groups of activists emerged calling for military interventions to halt mass atrocities. Anti-genocide Activists and the Responsibility to Protect is the first book to study who these anti-genocide activists are and what motivates them to call for the use of violence to end violence. Based on extensive field research, Annette Jansen analyses the ideological convictions behind the activities of two groups of anti-genocide activists: East Timor solidarity activists and Responsibility to Protect (R2P)-advocates. The book argues that there is an existential undercurrent to the call for mass atrocity interventions. Mass atrocities shock the activists belief in a humanity that they hold to be sacred. The book argues that the ensuing rise of anti-genocide activism signals a shift in humanitarian sensibilities to human suffering and violence which may have substantial implications for moral judgments on human lives at peril in the humanitarian and human rights community. Anti-genocide Activists and the Responsibility to Protect provides a fascinating insight into the worldviews of activists which will be of interest to human rights activists, development practitioners and researchers of humanitarian studies."